Type-writing machine



(No Modpl.) 3 .Sh e ets Sheet 1. W. PREDRI-CK & H. W. WACHTER.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 570,545. Patented Nov. 3, 1896.

Wf/Zfiffi mam/mi W a? M 5L V IN: mama m 00.. mes-Erma" wiiwluz'rbnfuc-(No Model.) a Sheets-Sheet 2. Y W. FREDRICK8: H. W. WAGHTER.

' TYPE WRITINGVMAGHINB.

.No.- 570,545. v Patented Nev. 3,189

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IVILLIAM FREDRICK AND HARRY IV. \VAOHTER, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, AS- SIGNORS,BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO R. O. FAULCONER, TRUSTEE, OFDETROIT, MICHIGAN.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 570,545, dated November3, 1896.

Application filed June 21, 1892.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that we, XVILLIAM FREDRICK and HARRY WVJVACHTER, of Toledo,county of Lucas, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Type-'Writing Machines; and we do hereby declare thatthe following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,which will enable-others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to the figures of reference marked thereon,which form part of thisspecification.

Our invention relates to a type-writing machine, and has for its objectto simplify the construction and render the operation more perfect thanheretofore.

The object is to provide a vertically-journaled type-wheel having avertical movement to a-line different forms of type-characters with theimpression-plunger, and means for revolving the type-wheel and raisingthe same through the medium of the keys.

A further object is to provide a positive and simple means for movingthe carriage and holding the same immovable during the process of makingthe impression.

A further object is to actuate the typewheel through the medium ofoppositely-disposed inclined bars forming a rock-bar, and key having abearing upon each bar when the same are forced to a horizontal plane bya ley'er controlling the desired type-symbol, whereby the typewheel isrevolved and locked to present a corresponding type to theimpression-plunger.

A further object is to advance the paper to and from the impressiondevices in a manner to allow of an observation of the printed matter,thereby obviating the necessity of raising the carriage to inspect thesame, and whereby correction of errors may be made as they occur.

The invention consists in the parts and combination of parts hereinafterdescribed, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a complete type-writer. Fig.2 is a central longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 3 is a sectional planview on lines y 1 Fig. 2, illustrat- Serial No. 437,440. (No man.)

ing the rocking frame and lever which operates the hammer mechanism.Fig. 4 is a sectional side elevation of the type-writer with one sideremoved, the key-levers and typewheel-positionin g frame being omitted.Fig. 5 is a front elevation of the positioning-frame for controlling thetype-wheel. Fig. 6 is an edge view of the type -whee1- positioningframe, showingihe opposite inclination of the type-selection bars ofsaid frame. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a portion of the paperfeedingrollers. Fig. 8 is a cross-section'of the impression-h ammer and housingand part of the feed mechanism for the carriage in front elevation. Fig.9 is a top plan view of the same with the toothed bar of the carriageomitted. Figs. 10 and 11 are detail views showing the roller in side andend elevation, respectively, to illustrate the clamping-bar and springconnection for actuating the same.

The operative mechanism is sustained within a framing comprisingvertical sides 1, having a proper upward incline from the front, and ahorizontal top portion 2, there being integral standards 3 to strengthenthe frame and form journal-supports. Pivoted within the frame upon atransverse rod 4 are a plurality of key-levers 5, each provided at theouter end with keys 6, bearing the appropriate type-symbols, the innerends of the levers extending within the frame a sufficient distance sothat when they are raised by depressing a key they contact with eitherone of each of two oppositely-inclined rods 7 of thetype-wheel-positioning frame.

The type-wheel-positioning frame 8 comprises a sh aft 9, journaledtransversely in the frame, and arm 10, secured at each end to the shaftand at right angles thereto. The arms 10 extend in diflerent planes inrelation to the shaft, and are provided with perforations at each end.The arms are connected by the bars 7, which have their ends fitted intothe perforations in the ends of the arms. These bars extend crosswise ofeach other,and are ar- 9 5 ranged at an angle of approximatelyforty-five degrees, as plainly shown in Fig. 11. These parts forma-rocking type-positioning frame, so that when one of the bars 7 ispressed upon by a key-lever the frame will partially re- IOO volve untilboth bars are in horizontal alinement and in contact with the key-lever.

Centrally of the type-wheel-positioning frame is secured a plate 1l,which normally ex- 5 tends vertically between bars 7 and is given arotative motion by the movement of the typewheel-positioning frame. Journaled vertically within the frame is a revoluble sleeve 12, formedwit-l1 an elongated opening 12.

A shaft 13 is journaled in the sleeve and caused to rotate therewith bymeans of a pin 13' upon the shaft, which extends through the opening 12.The elongation of the opening allows a vertical movement of the pin whenthe 1 5 shaft is raised or lowered. The rotative movement of the sleeve12, and consequently shaft 13, is accomplished by means of flexible connections with the plate 11,there beinga flexible connection 14 woundupon the sleeve near the upper end thereof, the opposite end of theflexible connection being secured to the upper end of the plate, thelower flexible connection 15 being secured to the lower end of the plateand oppositely wound upon the lower portion 2 5 of the sleeve, so thatwhen the type-positioning frame is actuated by any particular key-leverto cause the bars to aline therewith a corresponding rotative movementis given to plate 11 and to the sleeve, one of the flexible con- 3onections unwinding from and the other winding upon the sleeve.

Secured upon the upper end of shaft 13 is a type-wheel 16, having aplurality of rows of characters upon its periphery. A preferred 3 5arrangement is tohave an upper row of lowercase or small letters, amiddle row of uppercase or capitals, and a lower row ofpunctuation-marks, numerals, and special characters for use in printing.The characters in each row are assembled uponv the wheel so that amovement of the type-positioning frame by any one of the key-levers willcause the typewheel to revolve and present a type-character similar tothe one designated upon the keylever in position to print upon the paperin proper space and line with any preceding character.

The vertical movement of shaft 13 is accomplished by means of atransverse bar 17, upon which the lower end of the shaft rests, the

bar being connected with key-levers 18, which are pivoted to the frameat 18, as shown in Figs. 2 and a, and are arranged one upon each side ofthe keyboard. These levers are of diiferent lengths, as shown in Fig. 1,so that when the lever upon one side is depressed to the limit of itsmovement the shaft is raised to cause the middle row or capital lettersto aline with the impression-punch, and when the key-lever on theopposite side is depresed to the limit of the movement the lower rowwill be raised into a like alinement. The

mer, preferably comprising a rubber portion 19 and a metal portion 19,secured within a casing 20, shown in the present instance as tubular,although the printing-hammer may be rectangular in cross-section and theeasing of like contour, if desired.

A preferable arrangement for adjustment of the printing-hammer is toscrew-thread the metal portion 19', as shown, and form a likescrew-thread within the casing, and allow of in sertinga screw-driverthrou gh the frame and into the casing, when, by placing the screwdriverinto a transverse groove in the metal part 19 at the end of the plunger,any desired adjustment of the rubber head maybe made by turning theprinting-hammer either to advance or retract the same, or we may extendthe metal end through the casing and form a thumb-screw, if desired.

Casing 20 is movably secured within the frame, and when tubular, asshown, is guided in the reciprocation and prevented from rotativemovement by means of a stud 21 in the casing and projecting into anelongated slot" 21, formed in the frame. It will be obvious that we maysubstitute other means for preventing the rotative movement of thecasing without departing from the spirit of our invention. V

The casing, and consequently the printinghammer, is reciprocated throughthe medium of a lever 22, formed'integral with a rectangular frame 23,having a universal bar 23 of a length equal to the width of theaggregated type-controlling key-levers, but not of sumcient length to bein contact with the shifting key-levers 18. 7

Frame 23 is journaled upon a rod 24, secured in the fram-ingtransversely thereof and beneath the key-levers, there being a spring 25secured to the framing 1 and bearing upon the frame 23, which causes theuniversal bar 23 to normally bear upon the under side of eachtype-controllin g key-lever.

The inner end of lever 22 is perforated to receive a vertical rod 26,which is provided with upper and lower bearing-collars 27 and 28,respectively, held in the desired adjust ment by means of set-screws 27and 28, respectively. The upper end of rod 26 has pivoted to it atoggle-arm 29, pivotally secured to the framing, and a like arm 30,pivotally secured to arm 29, the opposite end being pivotally secured tocasing 20, so that when rod 26 is raised and the toggle-armsstraightened the printing-hammer is advanced to cause an impression ofthe type upon the type-wheel.

The toggle-arms 29' and 30 are so arranged that when rod 26 is at itslowest position the.

WVhen the toggle-arms ing the spring 31 until the link 32 reaches theopposite incline from that shown in the drawings, when the fulcrum-point will be changed and the spring 31 allowed to resume itsnormal position, and in so doing force forward the printing-hammeragainst the type-wheel. It will thus be seen that spring-pressure isemployed to straighten the toggle-arms and force forward theprinting-hammer against the paper which is interposed between thetype-wheel and hammer. The printing-hammer is retracted by means of theend of the lever 22 striking against the collar 28. This is accomplishedby the tension of the spring 25 when the pressure is removed from theuniversal bar 23'. The end of the lever 22 strikes against the collar 28with enough force to pull down the rod 26 and toggle-arms 29 and 30 totheir initial position, when the parts are again locked by the tensionof spring 31.

In Fig. 2 we have shown another form of spring 31. This spring isarranged in and around the arm 30, and is adapted to force forward theprinting-hammer when the toggle-arms are raised, as before described.

34 designates an arm either formed integral with or secured to theframing, and formed with a T- head 35, perforated to receive the rod 36of the traveling carriage 37, which carriage comprises the end bars 38,to which is secured rod 36 and a roller 38, journaled in the oppositeends of the bars, there being a shaft 3 9 journaled in parallel relationwith the roller and geared therewith, as shown in Fig. 7, whereby theroller and shaft revolve in unison when either actuated by means of thehand-wheel 40 or the hand-ratchet 41.

Centrally of the shaft 39 there is secured a friction surface 42,preferably of vulcanized rubber, the spring of shaft 39 being sufficientto allow of inserting one or more sheets of paper between the rollers.

Carriage 37 is moved longitudinally by means of tension exerted thereonby a flexible connection 43, attached to the carriage and to aspring-actuated drum 44, journaled upon the frame. The longitudinalforward movement of the carriage is controlled by means of a rack-bar45, secured in the carriage-frame parallel with the rollers andalternately engaged by a fixed stud 46 upon a collar 47, secured uponthe reciprocating casing 20 of the impression device, and aspringactuated tooth 48 upon a collar 49, also secured upon the casing,the spring 50 of the collar exerting tension in opposition to thespringdrum 44, but in a less degree, whereby when the printing-hammer isadvanced stud 46 will enter the space between two teeth and hold the bar45 immovable while the impression is being made, and when theprinting-hammer is retracted pass out of the space as tooth 48 engageswith the same,'and yielding to the greater tension of the spring-drum toallow the carriage to pass the distance of one tooth, when the operationis repeated until the carriage has traveled its length. The collar 49 isheld in position on the casing 20 by means of a pin 70, projecting fromthe casing and working in a slot 71 in the collar.

l-Ieretofore in machines of this class the operatorhas been notified ofthe extent of travel of the carriage by the ringing of a bell. This hasfrequently resulted in either a failure to notice the signal or a desireto complete a word, and a consequent continuance of writing withoutrevolving the rollerto advance the paper, and has resulted in writingseveral letters one upon the other. WVe therefore, to overcome thisobjection, have devised means by which the operation of the machine iseffectually stopped when the carriage has traveled the requireddistance, which comprises a bifurcated arm 51 upon the right-hand sideof the carriage, which projects sufficiently below the same to engagewith the under side of a collar 51 upon rod 26 as the same is raised tomake the impression of the last letter of a line, whereby the arm holdsthe rod in raised position, thereby precluding the possibility ofoperating the machine until the carriage is moved back to thestartingpoint. p

38 and 42 designates upper and lower rollers, respectively, forreceiving and controlling the paper to be fed to the carriage, the upperroller 38 being supplied with a clamping-bar 52, located within a grooveformed longitudinally of the roller and caused to rest against one orthe other of the sides of the groove by means of a spiral spring 52secured at one end to the shaft of the roller and at the opposite end tothe projection 52 formed upon the end of the clamping-bar. Thisarrangement being at each end of the roller, when the bar is forced to aplane coincident to a radial line from the axis of the roller thetension of the spring will cause the bar to impinge upon the paperinserted between the bar and side of the groove, and when forced to theopposite side of the groove the spring will hold the bar upon that sideto allow of removal.

lVhile the contact of the key-levers with the rods 7 of the rock-bar issufficient ordinarily to hold the type-wheel in proper adjustmentrotatively to aline the particular type-character with theprinting-hammer, we

have devised a positive mechanism supple- 1 mental to the rock-bar,which consists of a ratchet-wheel 54 upon the lower end of the shaft 13and a centrally-pivoted pawl 55, having a rearwardly-curved lower end56, and a square notch 57 in the upper end which engages with aspring-catch 57 when the pawl is out of engagement with theratchet-wheel. A spring 58 bears upon the lower end of the pawl andnormally presses the same into engagement with the ratchet-wheel.arrangement a stud 59, projecting from lever 22, when depressed rocksthe pawl and causes the upper end to engage with spring-catch'57,

and when the lever is raised stud 59 contacts with the spring-catch andreleases the'pawl, which immediately engages the ratchet Vith this wheeland positively holds the shaft 13 immovable, it being understood thatthe engagement of the pawl with the ratchet occurs just previous to thetime that the impression is made. a

designates inking-rollers held yieldingly against the type-wheel bymeans of springs 61, secured to the framing. IVe wish it understoodthat, while we have shown rollers as a preferred way of inking type, wemay employ the ordinary form of type-ribbon, if desired, and wind thesame upon the rollers, or adjust the same in any other preferred manner.

G2 designates a clampfor holding the manuscript upon the inclined top ofthe framing,

and preferably comprises a bar extending across the horizontal portionof the top and secured to the spring-pressed thumb-levers 63, wherebywhen it is desired to insert or release the sheet of manuscript theouter ends of the levers are depressed, raising the bar, and the sheetis either inserted or removed. This arrangement is of great value, as ital lows of holding the manuscript immediately in front of the operator.It will be obvious that we may vary the construction of the clampbroadly without departing from the spirit of our invention.

From the foregoing description the operation will be readily understood.The paper being wound upon roller 38 and passed between the rollers ofthe carriage to be fed up and over the top of the same as printed, theoperator depresses the particular key to form aword or print acharacter, and the key-lever bearing upon rods 7 of the rock-bar, acorresponding letter or character is presented to the printing-hammerthrough the intermediate connection of the key-lever and typewheel. Asthe type-wheel is turned and the proper character presented in front ofthe printing-hammer, the toggle is released from the tension of thespring 31, as described, and the tension of the spring causes theprintinghammer to advance and make the impression of the type upon thepaper, when, as the printing-hammer is retracted, the carriage isadvanced one notch of the rack-bar, presenting the paper with the properspacing for the next letter, it being understood that the spacingbetween the words or a blank space in the line of printing is made whendesired by striking a key that shall revolve the type-wheel to cause ablank space in the roller to aline with the printing-hammer.

hat we claim is 1. In-a type-writing machine, a revoluble type-wheel, ashaft, a type-wheel-positioning frame, connections between the typewheeland type-wheel-positionin g frame, a printinghammer, a toggle-joint forreciprocating the same, a rod connected with the toggle-joint,key-levers pivoted to contact with and actuate thetype-wheel-positioning frame and also the rod of the toggle-joint.

2. In a type-writing-machine, a plurality of key-levers, a frame pivotedbeneath the same having at one end a universal bar extending the entirewidth of the levers, and at the opposite end a lever, a printing-hammer,a spring-actuated toggle-joint for actuating the plunger, a rodconnected with the toggle-j oint and the frame-lever for releasing andretracting the toggle-joint.

In a type-writing machine, a revoluble type-wheel, in combination with aprinting"- hammer in alinement therewith, a toggle-arm" connected at oneend to the frame, alike arm connected with the printing-hammer, saidarms being pivotally connected at one end to the frame, a rod connectedwith the arms at their pivotal point and with a key-lever, and

4. In a type-writing machine, a type-wheel,

an impression device in alinement therewith, comprising a framing, asleeve movably secured therein, means for holding the'sleeve from rotarymovement,a printing-hammer adjustably secured in the' sleeve, aspringactu'ated toggle for reciprocating the printing-hammer, and alever and rod for initially raising the toggle and lowering the same;

5. The combination with a frame, of a horizontal revoluble type-wheel, ahorizontal reciprocating printing-hammer adapted to operate in alinementwith the type-wheel, a transversely-movable carriage, a retraetiledevice connected therewith to feed the said carriage and actuated by thereciprocating movement of the printing-hammer.

0. The combination of the frame and typewheel, of the reciprocatingprinting-hammer and carriage, said carriage having a'rack-bar thereon, areciprocating casing surrounding the hammer, a rigid pawl carried by thecasing and a spring-pawl also carried thereon and a retractile deviceconnected between the frame, and carriage to feed the carriage.

7. In a type-writing machine, a type-wheel, a plunger in alinementtherewith, a springactuated toggle for advancing the plunger, comprisingarms secured with the frame and plunger respectively and to each otherat an angle, a rod connected with the toggle, collars.

upon the rod, a lever movable upon the rod to contact with the collarsand means for raising and lowering the lever.

S. In a type-writing machine a shaft journaled in the frame, atype-wheel secured thereon, a ratchet-wheel on the shaft, aspring-pressed pawl pivoted upon the frame a catch for engaging the pawlwhen retracted, and mechanism for retracting the pawl and means forreleasing the catch to allow the pawl to engage with the ratchet-wheel.

9. In a type-writing machine, a carriage, a printing-hammer, atoggle-joint for actuat ing the plunger, means for actuating thetoggle-joint, a feeding device for the carriage actuated by the plungerand means for looking the mechanism for actuating the togglejoint.

10. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a type-Wheel, aprinting-hammer, and toggle-joint connected to the hammer, of a rodadapted to actuate the togglejoint mechanism for actuating the rod, acollar near the upper end of the rod, a movable carriage and abifurcated arm attached to said carriage adapted to engage the rodbeneath the collar When the carriage has reached the limit of themovement to prevent the further movement of the rod.

11. The combination of a type-wheel, a

hammer, the toggle-lever, and rod for operating the hammer, said rodcarrying a collar near its upper end, a movable carriage and abifurcated arm attached to said carriage to engage the rod and prevent afurther action 20 VILLIAM FREDRIOK. HARRY W. WACHTER.

lVitnesses WILLIAM WEBSTER, CARROLL I. WEBSTER.

